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Vivah muhurat in December 2028

The marriage dates of December 2028 by the Muhūrta-cintāmaṇi and the Dharmasindhu: each day with its nakṣatra, tithi and window, and the godhūli alternative, for your city.

Next marriage date in Delhi

Friday, 1 December

The first of 8 marriage dates in December 2028 in Delhi, in 775 days.

NakshatraRohini
TithiPurnima
Lagnas with faults onlyCancer, 20:32 – 20:48
Godhūli (alternative)None
Vivah muhurat 2028: all the dates

Marriage dates in December 2028

Delhi time

A day runs from sunrise to the next sunrise, so a window can run into the next morning. The window is where an allowed nakṣatra and tithi overlap, less the barred stretches. MC 6.53⁠–⁠54

Each date carries a label. A fault-free lagna has a rising sign that the sixth chapter’s bars and faults leave clear. Where no lagna is clear, the lagnas with named faults are listed, which the texts allow when nothing better exists. Where no lagna is allowed at all, godhūli, at sunset, is the only window. MC 6.65⁠–⁠90, 6.97⁠–⁠99

DateNakshatraTithiLagnaGodhūli
Fri 1 Dec Margashirsha, a middling month Lagnas with faults only Rohini Purnima Cancer, Cancer navāṃśa 20:32 – 20:48 · 13.5 of 20, middling Faults: the lagna hemmed by malefics; the Moon hemmed by malefics; a Taurus or Cancer navāṃśa, by the Dharmasindhu only Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by its lord or Jupiter aspecting the lagna Cancer, Virgo navāṃśa 21:03 – 21:19 · 13.5 of 20, middling Faults: the lagna hemmed by malefics; the Moon hemmed by malefics Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by its lord or Jupiter aspecting the lagna Cancer, Libra navāṃśa 21:19 – 21:35 · 13.5 of 20, middling Faults: the lagna hemmed by malefics; the Moon hemmed by malefics Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by its lord or Jupiter aspecting the lagna Cancer, Sagittarius navāṃśa 21:50 – 22:06 · 13.5 of 20, middling; kuvarga middling (our reading) Faults: the lagna hemmed by malefics; the Moon hemmed by malefics Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by its lord or Jupiter aspecting the lagna Virgo, Pisces navāṃśa Sat 01:40 – 01:55 · 12 of 20, middling Faults: the Moon hemmed by malefics; a Pisces navāṃśa, only when no other lagna exists Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine Virgo, Taurus navāṃśa Sat 02:10 – 02:25 · 12 of 20, middling Faults: the Moon hemmed by malefics; a Taurus or Cancer navāṃśa, by the Dharmasindhu only Lifted here: the Moon’s jāmitra, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine Virgo, Gemini navāṃśa Sat 02:25 – 02:40 · 12 of 20, middling; kuvarga middling (our reading) Faults: the Moon hemmed by malefics Lifted here: the Moon’s jāmitra, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine Virgo, Cancer navāṃśa Sat 02:40 – 02:56 · 12 of 20, middling Faults: the Moon hemmed by malefics; a Taurus or Cancer navāṃśa, by the Dharmasindhu only Lifted here: the Moon’s jāmitra, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine Virgo, Virgo navāṃśa Sat 03:11 – 03:26 · 12 of 20, middling; kuvarga middling (our reading) Faults: the Moon hemmed by malefics; the groom’s side not pure (our reading of the test) Lifted here: the Moon’s jāmitra, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine None
Sat 2 Dec Margashirsha, a middling month Lagnas with faults only Saturday: middlingDark fortnight: middling Rohini, Mrigashira Krishna Pratipada Cancer, Cancer navāṃśa 20:28 – 20:44 · 13.5 of 20, middling Faults: the lagna hemmed by malefics; the Moon hemmed by malefics; a Taurus or Cancer navāṃśa, by the Dharmasindhu only; kuvarga: fewer than three benefic vargas Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by its lord or Jupiter aspecting the lagna Cancer, Virgo navāṃśa 20:59 – 21:15 · 13.5 of 20, middling; kuvarga middling (our reading) Faults: the lagna hemmed by malefics; the Moon hemmed by malefics Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by its lord or Jupiter aspecting the lagna Cancer, Libra navāṃśa 21:15 – 21:31 · 13.5 of 20, middling Faults: the lagna hemmed by malefics; the Moon hemmed by malefics; kuvarga: fewer than three benefic vargas Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by its lord or Jupiter aspecting the lagna Cancer, Sagittarius navāṃśa 21:46 – 22:02 · 13.5 of 20, middling Faults: the lagna hemmed by malefics; the Moon hemmed by malefics; kuvarga: fewer than three benefic vargas Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by its lord or Jupiter aspecting the lagna Virgo, Pisces navāṃśa Sun 01:36 – 01:51 · 12 of 20, middling Faults: the Moon hemmed by malefics; a Pisces navāṃśa, only when no other lagna exists Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine Virgo, Taurus navāṃśa Sun 02:06 – 02:21 · 12 of 20, middling Faults: the Moon hemmed by malefics; a Taurus or Cancer navāṃśa, by the Dharmasindhu only Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine Virgo, Gemini navāṃśa Sun 02:21 – 02:37 · 12 of 20, middling; kuvarga middling (our reading) Faults: the Moon hemmed by malefics Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine Virgo, Cancer navāṃśa Sun 02:37 – 02:52 · 12 of 20, middling; kuvarga middling (our reading) Faults: the Moon hemmed by malefics; a Taurus or Cancer navāṃśa, by the Dharmasindhu only Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine Virgo, Virgo navāṃśa Sun 03:07 – 03:22 · 12 of 20, middling; kuvarga middling (our reading) Faults: the Moon hemmed by malefics; the groom’s side not pure (our reading of the test) Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine None
Sun 3 Dec Margashirsha, a middling month Lagnas with faults only Sunday: middlingDark fortnight: middling Mrigashira Krishna Pratipada, Krishna Dvitiya Cancer, Cancer navāṃśa 20:24 – 20:40 · 8.5 of 20, poor Faults: the lagna hemmed by malefics; a Taurus or Cancer navāṃśa, by the Dharmasindhu only; poor points, only when no other lagna exists; kuvarga: fewer than three benefic vargas Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign; a blind lagna, by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine 17:10 – 17:34
Fri 8 Dec Margashirsha, a middling month Godhūli only Dark fortnight: middling Magha Krishna Saptami No lagna allowed 17:11 – 17:35
Sun 10 Dec Margashirsha, a middling month Fault-free lagna Sunday: middlingDark fortnight: middling Hasta Krishna Dashami Cancer, Virgo navāṃśa 20:28 – 20:44 · 15 of 20, best (on the edge: our reading); kuvarga middling (our reading) Lifted here: a blind lagna, by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine Leo, Virgo navāṃśa 23:34 – 23:49 · 13.5 of 20, middling 17:11 – 17:35
Mon 11 Dec Margashirsha, a middling month Fault-free lagna Dark fortnight: middling Hasta Krishna Dashami Capricorn, Gemini navāṃśa 10:32 – 10:43 · 10 of 20, middling (on the edge: our reading); kuvarga middling (our reading) 17:11 – 17:35
Wed 13 Dec Margashirsha, a middling month Lagnas with faults only Dark fortnight: middling Swati Krishna Dvadashi Capricorn, Pisces navāṃśa 09:49 – 10:01 · 10 of 20, middling (on the edge: our reading) Faults: the Moon hemmed by malefics; a Pisces navāṃśa, only when no other lagna exists; kuvarga: fewer than three benefic vargas Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign Capricorn, Taurus navāṃśa 10:13 – 10:19 · 10 of 20, middling (on the edge: our reading) Faults: the Moon hemmed by malefics; a Taurus or Cancer navāṃśa, by the Dharmasindhu only Lifted here: a malefic in the 7th from the Moon, by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign None
Thu 14 Dec Margashirsha, a middling month Fault-free lagna Dark fortnight: middling Anuradha Krishna Trayodashi Capricorn, Gemini navāṃśa 10:20 – 10:31 · 15 of 20, best (on the edge: our reading); kuvarga middling (our reading) 17:12 – 17:24
The faults and lifted rules named in this table, in full
  • The lagna hemmed by malefics: Malefics on both sides of the lagna without MC's kartari: the lesser hemming fault MC 6.42 commentary, p. 268; DS p. 182
  • The Moon hemmed by malefics: Malefics on both sides of the Moon without MC's kartari: the lesser hemming fault MC 6.42 commentary, p. 268; DS p. 182
  • A Taurus or Cancer navāṃśa, by the Dharmasindhu only: A Taurus or Cancer navamsa: good by Dharmasindhu only DS p. 182
  • A malefic in the 7th from the Moon: The Sun, Mars, Saturn, Rahu or Ketu elsewhere in the 7th sign from the Moon, the Moon not exalted, in its own, a benefic's or a friend's sign, nor aspected by a benefic the Dipika in MC 6.84 commentary, pp. 296⁠–⁠297
  • A blind lagna: A blind lagna at its time (by day Leo, Aries, Taurus; by night Virgo, Gemini, Cancer), not aspected by its lord or Jupiter, nor lifted by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th or a trine (6.87) MC 6.79, 6.81, 6.87, pp. 293⁠–⁠294, 299
  • A Pisces navāṃśa, only when no other lagna exists: A Pisces navamsa: only when no other lagna clears MC 6.82 commentary, p. 294
  • The Moon’s jāmitra: The Moon in the 55th navamsa from the Sun, Mars, Saturn, Rahu or Ketu (the navamsa opposite theirs), unless the Moon is exalted, in its own, a benefic's or a friend's sign, or aspected by a benefic MC 6.65 and commentary, pp. 285⁠–⁠286 (1925 printing)
  • The groom’s side not pure (our reading of the test): The groom's side is not pure: neither the navamsa's lord, the lagna lord nor a benefic friend of the navamsa's lord joins or aspects the lagna or its navamsa (any aspect fraction, by the lord's sign: our reading) MC 6.73⁠–⁠76, pp. 290⁠–⁠292
  • Kuvarga: fewer than three benefic vargas: Fewer than three of the lagna's six vargas (sign, hora, drekkana, navamsa, dvadashamsha, trimshamsha) ruled by benefics Vasishtha in MC 6.40 commentary, p. 265; DS p. 182
  • Poor points, only when no other lagna exists: 5 to under 10 of 6.90's points: poor, only when no other lagna exists MC 6.90, p. 302
  • Lifted by the Moon exalted, or in its own, a benefic’s or a friend’s sign: Rajamartanda and Vyavaharasamuccaya in MC 6.65 commentary, p. 286
  • Lifted by its lord or Jupiter aspecting the lagna: MC 6.81, p. 294
  • Lifted by Mercury, Jupiter or Venus in a kendra other than the 7th, or in a trine: MC 6.87, p. 299

Marked days stay in the list as the texts grade them: the dark fortnight is middling DS p. 181; Sunday and Saturday are middling, and of great fault on a Dvādaśī or Trayodaśī, though only Tuesday is barred outright Vasiṣṭha, MC 6.53 commentary, p. 275; Ṣaṣṭhī and Aṣṭamī give little fruit DS p. 181; Kārtika from its śukla Ekādaśī and Mārgaśīrṣa are middling months MC 6.13 commentary, p. 235.

Days that miss one rule

These days are not marriage dates here. Each fails only the rules named, with their sources, and its window is shown as it would be without them.

This day passes every rule here except the weekday: Tuesday, which Vasiṣṭha always avoids. MC 6.53

  • Tue 12 Dec Swati · Krishna Ekadashi, Krishna Dvadashi 11:55 – 13:51, 14:15 – 17:25, 19:49 – 21:57, 22:21 – Wed 07:06

This day passes every rule here except the tithi: Caturdaśī, a riktā tithi. MC 6.53, p. 275

  • Fri 15 Dec Anuradha · Krishna Chaturdashi 07:25 – 07:43
1 more day fails two or more of these rules

This day passes every rule here except the tithi: Navamī, a riktā tithi MC 6.53, p. 275 ; and Utpāta yoga, the weekday’s star in the utpāta column MC 1.30, p. 23 .

  • Sat 9 Dec Uttara Phalguni · Krishna Ashtami, Krishna NavamiSaturday with Uttara Phalgunī 16:40 – 22:09, 22:33 – Sun 07:04

Vivah muhurat in November 2028

Your couple’s own dates: check this list against both kundlis

Months for marriage

  • Nārada, quoted in the commentary on the Muhūrta-cintāmaṇi: Māgha, Phālguna, Vaiśākha and Jyeṣṭha give good fortune, Kārtika and Mārgaśīrṣa are middling, and the other months are blamed. The commentary concludes that marriage is best when the lunar and solar months agree, and the Dharmasindhu gives the same four months as the best. MC 6.13 commentary, p. 235; DS p. 181
  • Months here are amānta, ending at the new moon. The middling ones are Āṣāḍha up to its śukla Daśamī, Kārtika from its śukla Ekādaśī, and Mārgaśīrṣa. They fall in the Sun’s southern course, when marriage is otherwise barred. MC 5.26, p. 186; MC 6.13 commentary, p. 235
  • No marriage while Hari sleeps, from Āṣāḍha śukla Ekādaśī to Kārtika śukla Ekādaśī, and none in Pauṣa or Caitra. MC 6.13 commentary, p. 235
  • Garga, quoted there: no marriage, tonsure, first feeding or house-building with the Sun in Pisces, Sagittarius or Leo. MC 6.13 commentary, p. 235
  • No marriage in an adhika or kṣaya month, nor in the adhika month before a kṣaya month. MC 1.47, pp. 39⁠–⁠40; DS p. 4

The verse’s second half allows Kārtika with the Sun in Scorpio, Pauṣa with the Sun in Capricorn and Caitra with the Sun in Aries. The commentator calls this the solar-month school’s view and sets it aside, except for a marriage that cannot wait; the Dharmasindhu allows it by local custom. It is not applied here. MC 6.13 commentary, p. 235; DS p. 181

Popularly, the Sun’s stays in Sagittarius and Pisces are called kharmās. Garga’s bar also takes in the Sun in Leo.

Jupiter and Venus

  • No marriage while Jupiter or Venus is set, nor in the planet’s “infancy” just after it rises or its “old age” just before it sets. MC 1.46⁠–⁠47, p. 39; MC 5.26, p. 186
  • A planet is set within the Sūrya-siddhānta’s distance from the Sun, in time-degrees: 11 for Jupiter; for Venus, 8 while it is retrograde and 10 otherwise. The distance is measured at the city, from the planet’s and the Sun’s rising (a morning planet) or setting (an evening one). Sūrya-siddhānta 9.6⁠–⁠7
  • Infancy and old age follow the Muhūrta-cintāmaṇi’s counts by the side of the sky. Jupiter: 15 days each. Venus: infant for 3 days after rising in the east and 10 after rising in the west, old for 15 days before setting in the east and 5 before setting in the west. MC 5.27, p. 188
  • Jupiter in Leo or Capricorn bars whatever Jupiter’s setting bars, for the whole of its stay. MC 1.48, p. 40
  • Siṃhastha, Jupiter’s stay in Leo, runs from 31 Oct 2026 to 24 Jul 2028, in three spans. Nashik Kumbh Mela 2027

MC 5.28 records 10, 7 or 3 days as other counts, and the Dharmasindhu takes 7 days either side as the middle view. A day clear only by the shortest count is listed among the days that miss one rule. MC 5.28, p. 188; DS p. 5

The Dharmasindhu limits the Leo bar by region: everywhere only while Jupiter is in Maghā or in what it calls the Leo portion (siṃhāṃśa), which it does not define; after that, no fault south of the Godāvarī or north of the Gaṅgā, while between the two rivers marriage stays barred for the whole stay. That relaxation is not applied here. DS p. 5

What depends on the couple’s charts

The dates here are general: they hold for anyone in the city. The texts add rules that need the bride’s and groom’s own charts, so a date from this list still has to be checked against both:

  • The bride needs Jupiter well placed from her Moon sign, the groom the Sun, and both the Moon. MC 6.12, p. 232; DS p. 181
  • For a first-born son or daughter, not in the birth month, on the birth nakṣatra or on the birth tithi. MC 6.14, p. 236
  • For an eldest bride and an eldest groom, not in the month of Jyeṣṭha. DS p. 181
  • Not a lagna that is the 8th sign from either partner’s birth lagna or Moon sign, unless the two lords are the same or friends. MC 6.44, p. 271

Kundli matching compares the two charts.

Vivah muhurat 2028 has every date of the year, what bars the rest, and the Dharmasindhu’s twenty-one doṣas with the ones these dates apply.

Questions

From the Muhūrta-cintāmaṇi and the Dharmasindhu, with the page for each.

When are the marriage dates in December 2028?

In Delhi: Friday, 1 December (Rohiṇī); Saturday, 2 December (Rohiṇī, Mṛgaśirā); Sunday, 3 December (Mṛgaśirā); Friday, 8 December (Maghā); Sunday, 10 December (Hasta); Monday, 11 December (Hasta); Wednesday, 13 December (Svātī); Thursday, 14 December (Anurādhā). The table gives each day’s lagnas, or godhūli where no lagna is allowed. MC 6.53⁠–⁠54; DS p. 181

What do the labels on each date mean?

Each date carries a label. A fault-free lagna has a rising sign that the sixth chapter’s bars and faults leave clear. Where no lagna is clear, the lagnas with named faults are listed, which the texts allow when nothing better exists. Where no lagna is allowed at all, godhūli, at sunset, is the only window. Days with neither a lagna nor godhūli are left out of the list and shown with the days that miss a rule. MC 6.65⁠–⁠90, 6.97⁠–⁠99

What is Godhuli muhurat?

Godhūli, the cow-dust hour, is half a ghaṭikā (12 minutes) either side of sunset. The Muhūrta-cintāmaṇi says that at that hour the nakṣatra, tithi, karaṇa, lagna, weekday, navāṃśa, muhūrta, yoga, the 8th house and jāmitra need no check. It is not used on a Thursday after sunset or a Saturday before it, or with the Moon in the 1st, 6th or 8th from the lagna, or Mars in the 1st, 7th or 8th. The Dharmasindhu keeps it for an emergency. The tables give it for each listed day; where no lagna is allowed, it is the only window. MC 6.97⁠–⁠99, pp. 305⁠–⁠307; DS p. 182

Does the date depend on our birth charts?

In part. The dates here hold for anyone in the city. The texts add rules that need both charts: Jupiter well placed from the bride’s Moon sign and the Sun from the groom’s; no marriage in a first-born’s birth month, nakṣatra or tithi; none in Jyeṣṭha for an eldest bride and groom; and no lagna 8th from either partner’s birth lagna or Moon sign. MC 6.12, 6.14, 6.44; DS p. 181

Why is the date different in my city?

A day runs from sunrise to sunrise at the city, and its window is where an allowed nakṣatra and tithi overlap, less the barred stretches. Those are moments, which fall at different clock hours, and sometimes on different dates, in different cities. The setting and rising of Jupiter and Venus are also seen from the city, and the lagnas rise at the city’s own hours. So a date can be listed in one city and missing in another.

How the dates are found

Read the methodology
The day
Sunrise to the next sunrise at the city. A day is listed when its lunar month is a marriage month, the Sun is outside Pisces, Sagittarius and Leo, Jupiter and Venus are clear, Jupiter is outside Leo and Capricorn, and it is not a Tuesday (MC 6.13, 6.53; DS p. 181).
The window
Where one of the eleven nakṣatras, free of vedha, meets a tithi other than a riktā or Amāvasyā (MC 6.53⁠–⁠54); Haradatta’s four more stars (DS p. 181) are not applied. From it go Bhadrā on earth, the bad yogas’ portions, the gaṇḍānta junctions of tithi, nakṣatra and lagna (MC 6.41), 16½ ghaṭikās either side of the Sun’s saṅkrānti (half of MC 6.78’s 33, our reading), mahāpāta, and the weekday-star yogas Utpāta, Mṛtyu, Kāṇa, Dagdha and viṣa.
Jupiter and Venus
Set by the Sūrya-siddhānta’s time-degrees (Jupiter 11; Venus 8 retrograde, 10 direct), measured from the rising or setting at the city; infancy and old age by MC 5.27’s counts.
Eclipses
After and before an eclipse visible at the city: 3 and 1½ days for a quarter of the disc, 4 and 2 for half, 6 and 3 for three quarters, 8 and 4 for a total eclipse (DS p. 181, note; the binning is ours).
Flags
Ṣaṣṭhī and Aṣṭamī, Sunday and Saturday, and the dark fortnight stay in the list, marked as the texts grade them.
The lagna
Each window’s rising signs, judged piece by piece. MC 6.84’s houses, the jāmitra, kartarī, the navāṃśa rules and under 5 of 6.90’s 20 points bar a lagna; purity, kuvarga, the blind, deaf and lame lagnas and the lighter faults are named on it (MC 6.65⁠–⁠90). Where a text lifts a rule (6.81, 6.86, 6.87, and the Moon’s sign or a benefic’s aspect for the Moon’s faults), the lagna names the rule and what lifted it.
Not applied
The couple’s own charts. Trivikrama’s neutral Moon and Jupiter in the 7th, 6.66’s Sun-and-Moon strength, 6.88⁠–⁠89 and Kaśyapa’s Gauḍa-Mālava limit are noted, not applied.
Our readings
Our readings in the lagna rules: the waning Moon is the dark fortnight's Moon; Rahu and Ketu count in the jamitra; any fraction of MC 6.73's graded aspects counts as seeing; purity is judged by the lord's sign, not a navamsa chart; three benefic vargas are middling; 6.87 lifts the lame lagna as well as the blind and deaf; each vimsopaka edge belongs to the grade above.

Lahiri ayanamsa · sunrise and sunset at the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction · each city’s own time · Swiss Ephemeris · Method