Pradosh vrat in June 2027
The Pradosh vrats of June 2027: each vrat day, its pradosh kaal after sunset, and the Trayodashi across the evenings, for your city’s sunset.
Vrat days in Delhi
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 19:13 – 21:15
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 19:19 – 21:20
Vrat days in Mumbai
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 19:11 – 21:21
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 19:16 – 21:25
Vrat days in Kolkata
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 18:16 – 20:23
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 18:21 – 20:27
Vrat days in Chennai
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 18:31 – 20:45
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 18:35 – 20:49
Vrat days in Bengaluru
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 18:41 – 20:56
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 18:45 – 20:59
Vrat days in Hyderabad
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 18:46 – 20:57
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 18:50 – 21:01
Vrat days in Ahmedabad
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 19:20 – 21:27
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 19:25 – 21:31
Vrat days in Pune
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 19:06 – 21:17
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 19:11 – 21:20
Vrat days in Jaipur
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 19:15 – 21:19
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 19:21 – 21:23
Vrat days in Lucknow
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 18:54 – 20:58
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 19:00 – 21:03
Vrat days in London
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 21:07 – 22:39
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 21:17 – 22:47
Vrat days in New York City
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 20:20 – 22:09
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTuesday, 15 June, 20:27 – 22:15
Vrat days in Toronto
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 20:51 – 22:37
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTuesday, 15 June, 20:59 – 22:43
Vrat days in Sydney
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 16:52 – 19:41
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 16:51 – 19:41
Vrat days in Dubai
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 19:03 – 21:08
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 19:09 – 21:13
Vrat days in Singapore
- Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiWednesday, 2 June, 19:07 – 21:29
- Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiWednesday, 16 June, 19:10 – 21:32
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 08:29 to Thu 3 Jun, 06:35, Delhi time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 19:13 to 21:15; the first 72 minutes, to 20:25, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 02:31 to Thu 17 Jun, 03:20, Delhi time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 19:19 to 21:20; the first 72 minutes, to 20:31, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Delhi: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 08:29 to Thu 3 Jun, 06:35, Mumbai time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 19:11 to 21:21; the first 72 minutes, to 20:23, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 02:31 to Thu 17 Jun, 03:20, Mumbai time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 19:16 to 21:25; the first 72 minutes, to 20:28, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Mumbai: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 08:29 to Thu 3 Jun, 06:35, Kolkata time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 18:16 to 20:23; the first 72 minutes, to 19:28, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 02:31 to Thu 17 Jun, 03:20, Kolkata time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 18:21 to 20:27; the first 72 minutes, to 19:33, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Kolkata: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 08:29 to Thu 3 Jun, 06:35, Chennai time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 18:31 to 20:45; the first 72 minutes, to 19:43, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 02:31 to Thu 17 Jun, 03:20, Chennai time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 18:35 to 20:49; the first 72 minutes, to 19:47, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Chennai: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 08:29 to Thu 3 Jun, 06:35, Bengaluru time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 18:41 to 20:56; the first 72 minutes, to 19:53, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 02:31 to Thu 17 Jun, 03:20, Bengaluru time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 18:45 to 20:59; the first 72 minutes, to 19:57, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Bengaluru: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 08:29 to Thu 3 Jun, 06:35, Hyderabad time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 18:46 to 20:57; the first 72 minutes, to 19:58, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 02:31 to Thu 17 Jun, 03:20, Hyderabad time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 18:50 to 21:01; the first 72 minutes, to 20:02, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Hyderabad: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 08:29 to Thu 3 Jun, 06:35, Ahmedabad time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 19:20 to 21:27; the first 72 minutes, to 20:32, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 02:31 to Thu 17 Jun, 03:20, Ahmedabad time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 19:25 to 21:31; the first 72 minutes, to 20:37, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Ahmedabad: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 08:29 to Thu 3 Jun, 06:35, Pune time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 19:06 to 21:17; the first 72 minutes, to 20:18, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 02:31 to Thu 17 Jun, 03:20, Pune time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 19:11 to 21:20; the first 72 minutes, to 20:23, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Pune: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 08:29 to Thu 3 Jun, 06:35, Jaipur time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 19:15 to 21:19; the first 72 minutes, to 20:27, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 02:31 to Thu 17 Jun, 03:20, Jaipur time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 19:21 to 21:23; the first 72 minutes, to 20:33, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Jaipur: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 08:29 to Thu 3 Jun, 06:35, Lucknow time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 18:54 to 20:58; the first 72 minutes, to 20:06, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 02:31 to Thu 17 Jun, 03:20, Lucknow time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 19:00 to 21:03; the first 72 minutes, to 20:12, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Lucknow: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 03:59 to Thu 3 Jun, 02:05, London time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 21:07 to 22:39; the first 72 minutes, to 22:19, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Tue 15 Jun, 22:01 to Wed 16 Jun, 22:50, London time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 21:17 to 22:47; the first 72 minutes, to 22:29, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in London: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Tue 1 Jun, 22:59 to Wed 2 Jun, 21:05, New York City time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 20:20 to 22:09; the first 72 minutes, to 21:32, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi reaches only Wednesday’s pradosh kaal, 41% of it. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote
Tuesday, 15 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Tue 15 Jun, 17:01 to Wed 16 Jun, 17:50, New York City time. Pradosh kaal on Tuesday, 15 June: 20:27 to 22:15; the first 72 minutes, to 21:39, are sandhyā.
Kept on Tuesday, 15 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Tuesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in New York City: Wednesday, 2 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Tue 1 Jun, 22:59 to Wed 2 Jun, 21:05, Toronto time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 20:51 to 22:37; the first 72 minutes, to 22:03, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi reaches only Wednesday’s pradosh kaal, 13% of it. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote
Tuesday, 15 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Tue 15 Jun, 17:01 to Wed 16 Jun, 17:50, Toronto time. Pradosh kaal on Tuesday, 15 June: 20:59 to 22:43; the first 72 minutes, to 22:11, are sandhyā.
Kept on Tuesday, 15 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Tuesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Toronto: Wednesday, 2 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 12:59 to Thu 3 Jun, 11:05, Sydney time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 16:52 to 19:41; the first 72 minutes, to 18:04, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 07:01 to Thu 17 Jun, 07:50, Sydney time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 16:51 to 19:41; the first 72 minutes, to 18:03, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Sydney: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 06:59 to Thu 3 Jun, 05:05, Dubai time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 19:03 to 21:08; the first 72 minutes, to 20:15, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 01:01 to Thu 17 Jun, 01:50, Dubai time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 19:09 to 21:13; the first 72 minutes, to 20:21, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Dubai: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Wednesday, 2 June
Vaishakha (amanta) / Jyeshtha (purnimanta), Krishna TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 2 Jun, 10:59 to Thu 3 Jun, 09:05, Singapore time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 2 June: 19:07 to 21:29; the first 72 minutes, to 20:19, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 2 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Wednesday, 16 June
Jyeshtha, Shukla TrayodashiTrayodashi from Wed 16 Jun, 05:01 to Thu 17 Jun, 05:50, Singapore time. Pradosh kaal on Wednesday, 16 June: 19:10 to 21:32; the first 72 minutes, to 20:22, are sandhyā.
Kept on Wednesday, 16 June: the Trayodashi covers the whole of Wednesday’s pradosh kaal. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
Masik Shivratri in June 2027 in Singapore: Thursday, 3 June. Masik Shivratri June 2027
Questions
Rules from the Nirṇaya-sindhu and the Muhūrta-cintāmaṇi, with the page for each.
When is Pradosh vrat in June 2027?
In Delhi: Wednesday, 2 June, pradosh kaal 19:13 to 21:15; Wednesday, 16 June, pradosh kaal 19:19 to 21:20.
What is Pradosh vrat?
A fast kept on the Trayodashi, the thirteenth tithi, of both halves of the lunar month: by day without food, with worship of Śiva at pradosh, the evening after sunset. It is kept on the day whose pradosh the Trayodashi covers. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 72, footnote (Brahmottara-khaṇḍa)
When is pradosh kaal?
For the three muhūrtas after sunset. Taking a muhūrta as a fifteenth of the night, that is a fifth of the night: about 2 hours 24 minutes when the night is 12 hours long, more in winter and less in summer. The first 72 minutes are sandhyā, the evening twilight. Muhūrta-cintāmaṇi 3.6, commentary; Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 29
Why is the date different in my city?
Each date is worked out for the city’s own sunset. The Trayodashi begins and ends at the same moment everywhere, but whether it covers a city’s pradosh depends on when the Sun sets there, so cities far apart can keep different days.
Is Pradosham the same fast?
Yes. Pradosham is the Tamil name for the same evening worship on Trayodashi, and the dates here apply to it.
How the days are found
Read the methodology- Pradosh kaal
- Three muhūrtas after sunset, a muhūrta being a fifteenth of the night (our reading). The first 72 minutes are sandhyā, the evening twilight.
- The day kept
- The day whose whole pradosh the Trayodashi covers. When it covers part of both evenings, the day with more of it is kept, and when it covers both, neither or both equally, the later day is kept, with Mayūkha’s earlier day as a variant.
- Sunset
- At the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction, for the chosen city. Every date is that city’s own.
- Sources
- Nirṇaya-sindhu, 1898, pp. 29–30, 72; Vīramitrodaya, Samaya-prakāśa, p. 129; Muhūrta-cintāmaṇi 3.6 commentary.
Sunset at the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction · Lahiri ayanamsa for month names · each city’s own time · Swiss Ephemeris · Method