Ekadashi in January 2028
The Ekadashis of January 2028: when each tithi begins and ends, and the fast day for each tradition, worked out for your city’s sunrise.
Fast days in Delhi
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 07:16 – 09:20
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 07:14 – 09:21
Fast days in Mumbai
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 07:14 – 09:27
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 07:15 – 09:29
Fast days in Kolkata
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 06:19 – 08:29
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 06:19 – 08:30
Fast days in Chennai
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 06:34 – 08:51
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 06:36 – 08:54
Fast days in Bengaluru
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 06:45 – 09:01
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 06:47 – 09:04
Fast days in Hyderabad
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 06:49 – 09:02
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 06:50 – 09:05
Fast days in Ahmedabad
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 07:23 – 09:32
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 07:23 – 09:34
Fast days in Pune
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 07:09 – 09:22
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 07:10 – 09:24
Fast days in Jaipur
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 07:18 – 09:24
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 07:17 – 09:25
Fast days in Lucknow
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 06:57 – 09:03
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 06:56 – 09:05
Fast days in London
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 08:05 – 09:42
- Ṣaṭtilā Friday, 21 January or Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sat 22 Jan, 13:54 – 14:46 (Smārta), Sun 23 Jan, 07:53 – 08:53 (Vaiṣṇava)
Fast days in New York City
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 07:21 – 07:26
- Ṣaṭtilā Friday, 21 January Pāraṇa Sat 22 Jan, 08:54 – 09:12
Fast days in Toronto
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 07:52 – 09:41
- Ṣaṭtilā Friday, 21 January Pāraṇa Sat 22 Jan, 08:54 – 09:38
Fast days in Sydney
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 06:41 – 08:45
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 06:08 – 08:55
Fast days in Dubai
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 07:06 – 09:14
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 07:05 – 09:15
Fast days in Singapore
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Saturday, 8 January Pāraṇa Sun 9 Jan, 07:10 – 09:35
- Ṣaṭtilā Saturday, 22 January Pāraṇa Sun 23 Jan, 07:15 – 09:39
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 20:30 to Sat 8 Jan, 19:36, Delhi time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 12:17 to Sat 22 Jan, 13:04, Delhi time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 20:30 to Sat 8 Jan, 19:36, Mumbai time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 12:17 to Sat 22 Jan, 13:04, Mumbai time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 20:30 to Sat 8 Jan, 19:36, Kolkata time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 12:17 to Sat 22 Jan, 13:04, Kolkata time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 20:30 to Sat 8 Jan, 19:36, Chennai time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 12:17 to Sat 22 Jan, 13:04, Chennai time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 20:30 to Sat 8 Jan, 19:36, Bengaluru time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 12:17 to Sat 22 Jan, 13:04, Bengaluru time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 20:30 to Sat 8 Jan, 19:36, Hyderabad time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 12:17 to Sat 22 Jan, 13:04, Hyderabad time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 20:30 to Sat 8 Jan, 19:36, Ahmedabad time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 12:17 to Sat 22 Jan, 13:04, Ahmedabad time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 20:30 to Sat 8 Jan, 19:36, Pune time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 12:17 to Sat 22 Jan, 13:04, Pune time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 20:30 to Sat 8 Jan, 19:36, Jaipur time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 12:17 to Sat 22 Jan, 13:04, Jaipur time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 20:30 to Sat 8 Jan, 19:36, Lucknow time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 12:17 to Sat 22 Jan, 13:04, Lucknow time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 15:00 to Sat 8 Jan, 14:06, London time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Friday, 21 January or Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 06:47 to Sat 22 Jan, 07:34, London time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 10:00 to Sat 8 Jan, 09:06, New York City time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Friday, 21 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 01:47 to Sat 22 Jan, 02:34, New York City time. Both traditions keep Friday, 21 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 10:00 to Sat 8 Jan, 09:06, Toronto time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Friday, 21 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 01:47 to Sat 22 Jan, 02:34, Toronto time. Both traditions keep Friday, 21 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Sat 8 Jan, 02:00 to Sun 9 Jan, 01:06, Sydney time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 17:47 to Sat 22 Jan, 18:34, Sydney time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 19:00 to Sat 8 Jan, 18:06, Dubai time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 10:47 to Sat 22 Jan, 11:34, Dubai time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Saturday, 8 January
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Fri 7 Jan, 23:00 to Sat 8 Jan, 22:06, Singapore time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 8 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Ṣaṭtilā, Saturday, 22 January
Pausha (amanta) / Magha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 21 Jan, 14:47 to Sat 22 Jan, 15:34, Singapore time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 22 January.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 36b
Questions
Rules from the Nirṇaya-sindhu, with the page for each.
When is Ekadashi in January 2028?
In Delhi: Putradā on Saturday, 8 January; Ṣaṭtilā on Saturday, 22 January.
What is Ekadashi?
Ekadashi is the eleventh tithi of each half of the lunar month, one in the bright half (Shukla) and one in the dark half (Krishna), so there are usually two a month. A tithi is the time the Moon takes to gain 12° on the Sun. Surya Siddhanta 2.64, 2.66
When do I break the Ekadashi fast (pāraṇa)?
On the next day, while Dvādaśī lasts, since letting Dvādaśī pass unbroken is a grave fault: in the first three muhūrtas after sunrise, but not in Hari-vāsara, the first quarter of Dvādaśī. When Hari-vāsara outlasts those three muhūrtas, in the afternoon, never at midday. If no Dvādaśī is left at sunrise, on Trayodaśī. In a difficulty, water counts as breaking the fast. Dharmasindhu p. 19; Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 70–71
Why are there two dates for some Ekadashis?
The texts test the Ekadashi day for Dashami, the tithi before it. Smārtas test at sunrise; Vaiṣṇavas test the 96 minutes before sunrise, called aruṇodaya. When Ekadashi or Dvadashi runs long, or Ekadashi touches no sunrise, each tradition keeps its own day. Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 53–63
Why is the date different in my city?
Each date is worked out for the city’s own sunrise. A tithi begins and ends at the same moment everywhere, but the sunrise it is tested against differs, so a city far to the east or west can keep another day.
Why does my temple calendar show another date?
Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava calendars follow the Hari-bhakti-vilāsa, which is not among our sources, so their dates can differ from the Nirṇaya-sindhu days shown here.
How the days are found
Read the methodology- Sunrise
- At the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction, for the chosen city. Every date is that city’s own.
- The Dashami tests
- Smārta: Dashami at sunrise. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): Dashami at any moment in the 96 minutes before sunrise.
- Running long
- A tithi runs long when it is still current at the sunrise after its own day: Ekādaśī at the second day's sunrise, Dvādaśī at the third's, counting from the first Ekādaśī day (our reading of Nirnaya-sindhu pp. 59-62).
- Pāraṇa
- The first three muhūrtas after sunrise, once Hari-vāsara (Dvādaśī’s first quarter) is over and before Dvādaśī ends; else the afternoon, never midday; on Trayodaśī if no Dvādaśī is left. Dharmasindhu p. 19; Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 70–71.
- Sources
- Kamalākara Bhaṭṭa, Nirṇaya-sindhu, 1898 printing, pp. 49–63 and 70–71; Dharmasindhu, 1888, p. 19. Names from the Ekādaśī-māhātmya, Banaras, 1934.
Sunrise at the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction · Lahiri ayanamsa for month names · each city’s own time · Swiss Ephemeris · Method