Ekadashi in December 2027
The Ekadashis of December 2027: when each tithi begins and ends, and the fast day for each tradition, worked out for your city’s sunrise.
Fast days in Delhi
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 13:15 – 15:19
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 07:11 – 09:15
Fast days in Mumbai
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 13:36 – 15:48
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 07:09 – 09:20
Fast days in Kolkata
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 12:33 – 14:42
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 06:14 – 08:22
Fast days in Chennai
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 13:09 – 15:25
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 06:28 – 08:44
Fast days in Bengaluru
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 13:20 – 15:36
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 06:38 – 08:54
Fast days in Hyderabad
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 13:15 – 15:28
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 06:43 – 08:56
Fast days in Ahmedabad
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 09:13 – 09:19
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 07:18 – 09:26
Fast days in Pune
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 13:33 – 15:45
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 07:04 – 09:16
Fast days in Jaipur
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 13:22 – 15:27
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 07:13 – 09:18
Fast days in Lucknow
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 13:01 – 15:07
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 06:53 – 08:58
Fast days in London
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 07:56 – 09:31
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 08:06 – 09:40
Fast days in New York City
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 07:10 – 09:01
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 07:19 – 09:09
Fast days in Toronto
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 07:41 – 09:29
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 07:50 – 09:37
Fast days in Sydney
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Friday, 10 December Pāraṇa Sat 11 Dec, 05:38 – 08:23
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December or Friday, 24 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 14:20 – 17:13 (Smārta), Sat 25 Dec, 05:43 – 08:36 (Vaiṣṇava)
Fast days in Dubai
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 07:43 – 09:00
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 07:01 – 09:08
Fast days in Singapore
- Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti) Thursday, 9 December or Friday, 10 December Pāraṇa Fri 10 Dec, 14:09 – 16:33 (Smārta), Sat 11 Dec, 06:57 – 09:21 (Vaiṣṇava)
- Saphalā Thursday, 23 December Pāraṇa Fri 24 Dec, 07:41 – 09:27
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 02:59 to Fri 10 Dec, 03:20, Delhi time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 23:41 to Thu 23 Dec, 23:12, Delhi time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 02:59 to Fri 10 Dec, 03:20, Mumbai time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 23:41 to Thu 23 Dec, 23:12, Mumbai time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 02:59 to Fri 10 Dec, 03:20, Kolkata time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 23:41 to Thu 23 Dec, 23:12, Kolkata time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 02:59 to Fri 10 Dec, 03:20, Chennai time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 23:41 to Thu 23 Dec, 23:12, Chennai time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 02:59 to Fri 10 Dec, 03:20, Bengaluru time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 23:41 to Thu 23 Dec, 23:12, Bengaluru time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 02:59 to Fri 10 Dec, 03:20, Hyderabad time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 23:41 to Thu 23 Dec, 23:12, Hyderabad time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 02:59 to Fri 10 Dec, 03:20, Ahmedabad time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 23:41 to Thu 23 Dec, 23:12, Ahmedabad time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 02:59 to Fri 10 Dec, 03:20, Pune time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 23:41 to Thu 23 Dec, 23:12, Pune time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 02:59 to Fri 10 Dec, 03:20, Jaipur time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 23:41 to Thu 23 Dec, 23:12, Jaipur time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 02:59 to Fri 10 Dec, 03:20, Lucknow time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 23:41 to Thu 23 Dec, 23:12, Lucknow time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Wed 8 Dec, 21:29 to Thu 9 Dec, 21:50, London time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 18:11 to Thu 23 Dec, 17:42, London time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Wed 8 Dec, 16:29 to Thu 9 Dec, 16:50, New York City time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 13:11 to Thu 23 Dec, 12:42, New York City time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Wed 8 Dec, 16:29 to Thu 9 Dec, 16:50, Toronto time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 13:11 to Thu 23 Dec, 12:42, Toronto time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Friday, 10 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 08:29 to Fri 10 Dec, 08:50, Sydney time. Both traditions keep Friday, 10 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December or Friday, 24 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 23 Dec, 05:11 to Fri 24 Dec, 04:42, Sydney time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 01:29 to Fri 10 Dec, 01:50, Dubai time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 9 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 22 Dec, 22:11 to Thu 23 Dec, 21:42, Dubai time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Mokṣā (popularly Mokṣadā and Gita Jayanti), Thursday, 9 December or Friday, 10 December
Margashirsha, ShuklaEkadashi from Thu 9 Dec, 05:29 to Fri 10 Dec, 05:50, Singapore time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18
Saphalā, Thursday, 23 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 23 Dec, 02:11 to Fri 24 Dec, 01:42, Singapore time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 23 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Questions
Rules from the Nirṇaya-sindhu, with the page for each.
When is Ekadashi in December 2027?
In Delhi: Mokṣā on Thursday, 9 December; Saphalā on Thursday, 23 December.
What is Ekadashi?
Ekadashi is the eleventh tithi of each half of the lunar month, one in the bright half (Shukla) and one in the dark half (Krishna), so there are usually two a month. A tithi is the time the Moon takes to gain 12° on the Sun. Surya Siddhanta 2.64, 2.66
When do I break the Ekadashi fast (pāraṇa)?
On the next day, while Dvādaśī lasts, since letting Dvādaśī pass unbroken is a grave fault: in the first three muhūrtas after sunrise, but not in Hari-vāsara, the first quarter of Dvādaśī. When Hari-vāsara outlasts those three muhūrtas, in the afternoon, never at midday. If no Dvādaśī is left at sunrise, on Trayodaśī. In a difficulty, water counts as breaking the fast. Dharmasindhu p. 19; Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 70–71
Why are there two dates for some Ekadashis?
The texts test the Ekadashi day for Dashami, the tithi before it. Smārtas test at sunrise; Vaiṣṇavas test the 96 minutes before sunrise, called aruṇodaya. When Ekadashi or Dvadashi runs long, or Ekadashi touches no sunrise, each tradition keeps its own day. Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 53–63
Why is the date different in my city?
Each date is worked out for the city’s own sunrise. A tithi begins and ends at the same moment everywhere, but the sunrise it is tested against differs, so a city far to the east or west can keep another day.
Why does my temple calendar show another date?
Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava calendars follow the Hari-bhakti-vilāsa, which is not among our sources, so their dates can differ from the Nirṇaya-sindhu days shown here.
How the days are found
Read the methodology- Sunrise
- At the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction, for the chosen city. Every date is that city’s own.
- The Dashami tests
- Smārta: Dashami at sunrise. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): Dashami at any moment in the 96 minutes before sunrise.
- Running long
- A tithi runs long when it is still current at the sunrise after its own day: Ekādaśī at the second day's sunrise, Dvādaśī at the third's, counting from the first Ekādaśī day (our reading of Nirnaya-sindhu pp. 59-62).
- Pāraṇa
- The first three muhūrtas after sunrise, once Hari-vāsara (Dvādaśī’s first quarter) is over and before Dvādaśī ends; else the afternoon, never midday; on Trayodaśī if no Dvādaśī is left. Dharmasindhu p. 19; Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 70–71.
- Sources
- Kamalākara Bhaṭṭa, Nirṇaya-sindhu, 1898 printing, pp. 49–63 and 70–71; Dharmasindhu, 1888, p. 19. Names from the Ekādaśī-māhātmya, Banaras, 1934.
Sunrise at the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction · Lahiri ayanamsa for month names · each city’s own time · Swiss Ephemeris · Method