Basant Panchami 2027
Basant Panchami, or Vasant Panchami, in 2027: the day and the forenoon time of the Sarasvatī pūjā for your city, from the Māgha śukla Pañcamī.
Basant Panchami in Delhi
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Delhi, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Mumbai
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Mumbai, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Kolkata
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Kolkata, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Chennai
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Chennai, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Bengaluru
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Bengaluru, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Hyderabad
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Hyderabad, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Ahmedabad
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Ahmedabad, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Pune
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Pune, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Jaipur
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Jaipur, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Lucknow
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Lucknow, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in London
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 117 days. In London, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in New York City
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 117 days. In New York City, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Toronto
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 117 days. In Toronto, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Sydney
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Sydney, the Pañcamī covers the forenoon on both Thursday and Friday, so Basant Panchami is on the earlier day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Dubai
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Dubai, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
Basant Panchami in Singapore
Thursday, 11 February
Basant Panchami is in 116 days. In Singapore, the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday.
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Delhi
Delhi timeIn Delhi, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 03:05 to Fri 03:18: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Mumbai
Mumbai timeIn Mumbai, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 03:05 to Fri 03:18: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Kolkata
Kolkata timeIn Kolkata, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 03:05 to Fri 03:18: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Chennai
Chennai timeIn Chennai, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 03:05 to Fri 03:18: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Bengaluru
Bengaluru timeIn Bengaluru, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 03:05 to Fri 03:18: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Hyderabad
Hyderabad timeIn Hyderabad, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 03:05 to Fri 03:18: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad timeIn Ahmedabad, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 03:05 to Fri 03:18: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Pune
Pune timeIn Pune, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 03:05 to Fri 03:18: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Jaipur
Jaipur timeIn Jaipur, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 03:05 to Fri 03:18: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Lucknow
Lucknow timeIn Lucknow, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 03:05 to Fri 03:18: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in London
London timeIn London, the Pañcamī runs from Wed 21:35 to Thu 21:48: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in New York City
New York City timeIn New York City, the Pañcamī runs from Wed 16:35 to Thu 16:48: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Toronto
Toronto timeIn Toronto, the Pañcamī runs from Wed 16:35 to Thu 16:48: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Thursday or Friday in Sydney
Sydney timeIn Sydney, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 08:35 to Fri 08:48: the Pañcamī covers the forenoon on both Thursday and Friday, so Basant Panchami is on the earlier day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Dubai
Dubai timeIn Dubai, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 01:35 to Fri 01:48: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
How the day is chosen
Basant Panchami is the Māgha śukla Pañcamī. It is the later day only when the Pañcamī covers that day’s forenoon alone; in every other case it is the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday: our reading. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Wednesday or Thursday in Singapore
Singapore timeIn Singapore, the Pañcamī runs from Thu 05:35 to Fri 05:48: the Pañcamī covers all of Thursday’s forenoon and none of Wednesday’s, so Basant Panchami is on the later day, Thursday. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
The rites
- Sarasvatī is worshipped in the forenoon, with the inkpot and pen. Tithi-tattva p. 34 (Saṃvatsara-pradīpa)
- The spring festival begins, and Rati and Kāma are worshipped. Dharmasindhu p. 89
- After an oil bath and putting on ornaments, Hari is worshipped with gulāl, scents, flowers, incense and food, and brāhmaṇas are fed. Vratarāja f. 103 (Hemādri)
- Śrī is worshipped with kunda flowers, for prosperity; the Nirṇaya-sindhu calls the day Śrī-pañcamī. Nirṇaya-sindhu p. 329
Basant Panchami 2027 around the world
Each city’s own sunrise and sunset- DelhiForenoon 07:04 – 12:35
- MumbaiForenoon 07:09 – 12:52
- KolkataForenoon 06:12 – 11:50
- ChennaiForenoon 06:33 – 12:23
- BengaluruForenoon 06:44 – 12:33
- HyderabadForenoon 06:45 – 12:30
- AhmedabadForenoon 07:15 – 12:53
- PuneForenoon 07:05 – 12:48
- JaipurForenoon 07:07 – 12:41
- LucknowForenoon 06:46 – 12:20
- LondonForenoon 07:23 – 12:15
- New York CityForenoon 06:56 – 12:10
- TorontoForenoon 07:23 – 12:32
- SydneyForenoon 08:35 – 13:09
- DubaiForenoon 06:57 – 12:33
- SingaporeForenoon 07:17 – 13:18
Other years: Basant Panchami 2028, Basant Panchami 2029; all Basant Panchami dates.
Questions
From the Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89, with the page for each.
When is Basant Panchami 2027?
In Delhi, on Thursday, 11 February 2027, with the Sarasvatī pūjā in the forenoon, 07:04 – 12:35. Every city on this page keeps the same day. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89
Is Basant Panchami the same as Vasant Panchami?
Yes, the same day. Basant is the spoken form of Vasanta, the spring: the Dharmasindhu names the Māgha śukla Pañcamī Vasanta-pañcamī, when the spring festival begins. Dharmasindhu p. 89
What time is Saraswati Puja on Basant Panchami?
In the forenoon, when Sarasvatī is worshipped with the inkpot and pen: in Delhi in 2027, 07:04 – 12:35. We take the forenoon as sunrise to midday. Tithi-tattva p. 34
Why is the date different in the US or UK?
Basant Panchami is decided by the Pañcamī in the forenoon at the city. The tithi begins and ends at the same moment everywhere, but sunrise and sunset come at different hours, so a city far to the west or east can keep another day. Dharmasindhu p. 89
How the day is found
Read the methodology- The day
- The Māgha śukla Pañcamī. The later day is kept only when it covers that day’s forenoon alone, and otherwise the earlier day, joined with the Caturthī. Dharmasindhu pp. 9, 89.
- Forenoon
- Sunrise to midday: our reading of the Dharmasindhu’s forenoon. The Sarasvatī pūjā time is that forenoon while the Pañcamī runs.
- Other rules
- The Vratarāja (f. 103, Hemādri) takes the Pañcamī covering midday, the earlier day when it covers both or neither. For Śrī-pañcamī the Nirṇaya-sindhu (p. 329) gives the earlier day by Mādhava and the later by Hemādri.
- Sunrise
- At the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction, for the chosen city. Every date is that city’s own.
Sunrise and sunset at the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction · Lahiri ayanamsa for month names · each city’s own time · Swiss Ephemeris · Method