Papmochani Ekadashi 2027
Pāpamocanī: its date in 2027, when the Ekadashi tithi begins and ends, and the Smārta and Vaiṣṇava fast days, for Delhi and 15 other cities.
Pāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Delhi, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
00:45
02:52
Hari-vāsara outlasts the morning’s three muhūrtas, so the afternoon, never midday; before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 04:27. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Pāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Mumbai, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
00:45
02:52
Hari-vāsara outlasts the morning’s three muhūrtas, so the afternoon, never midday; before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 04:27. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Kolkata, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
00:45
02:52
Hari-vāsara outlasts the morning’s three muhūrtas, so the afternoon, never midday; before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 04:27. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Chennai, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
00:45
02:52
Hari-vāsara outlasts the morning’s three muhūrtas, so the afternoon, never midday; before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 04:27. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Bengaluru, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
00:45
02:52
Hari-vāsara outlasts the morning’s three muhūrtas, so the afternoon, never midday; before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 04:27. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Hyderabad, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
00:45
02:52
Hari-vāsara outlasts the morning’s three muhūrtas, so the afternoon, never midday; before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 04:27. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Ahmedabad, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
00:45
02:52
Hari-vāsara outlasts the morning’s three muhūrtas, so the afternoon, never midday; before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 04:27. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Pune, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
00:45
02:52
Hari-vāsara outlasts the morning’s three muhūrtas, so the afternoon, never midday; before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 04:27. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Jaipur, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
00:45
02:52
Hari-vāsara outlasts the morning’s three muhūrtas, so the afternoon, never midday; before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 04:27. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Lucknow, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
00:45
02:52
Hari-vāsara outlasts the morning’s three muhūrtas, so the afternoon, never midday; before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 04:27. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In London, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
20:15
22:22
The first three muhūrtas after sunrise, before Dvādaśī ends at 23:57. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In New York City, in 167 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
15:15
17:22
The first three muhūrtas after sunrise, before Dvādaśī ends at 18:57. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Toronto, in 167 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
15:15
17:22
The first three muhūrtas after sunrise, before Dvādaśī ends at 18:57. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Saturday, 3 April 2027
In Sydney, in 167 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
06:15
08:22
The first three muhūrtas after sunrise, before Dvādaśī ends at 08:57. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Dubai, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
23:15
01:22
The first three muhūrtas after sunrise, once Hari-vāsara ends at 07:46, before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 02:57. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaPāpamocanī
Friday, 2 April 2027
In Singapore, in 166 days. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep the same day.
03:15
05:22
Hari-vāsara outlasts the morning’s three muhūrtas, so the afternoon, never midday; before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 06:57. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Delhi time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 2 Apr, 00:45 to Sat 3 Apr, 02:52, Delhi time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Mumbai time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 2 Apr, 00:45 to Sat 3 Apr, 02:52, Mumbai time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Kolkata time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 2 Apr, 00:45 to Sat 3 Apr, 02:52, Kolkata time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Chennai time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 2 Apr, 00:45 to Sat 3 Apr, 02:52, Chennai time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Bengaluru time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 2 Apr, 00:45 to Sat 3 Apr, 02:52, Bengaluru time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Hyderabad time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 2 Apr, 00:45 to Sat 3 Apr, 02:52, Hyderabad time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Ahmedabad time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 2 Apr, 00:45 to Sat 3 Apr, 02:52, Ahmedabad time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Pune time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 2 Apr, 00:45 to Sat 3 Apr, 02:52, Pune time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Jaipur time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 2 Apr, 00:45 to Sat 3 Apr, 02:52, Jaipur time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Lucknow time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 2 Apr, 00:45 to Sat 3 Apr, 02:52, Lucknow time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
London time- 14Mar Saturday, 14 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 1 Apr, 20:15 to Fri 2 Apr, 22:22, London time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
New York City time- 14Mar Saturday, 14 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 1 Apr, 15:15 to Fri 2 Apr, 17:22, New York City time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Toronto time- 14Mar Saturday, 14 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 1 Apr, 15:15 to Fri 2 Apr, 17:22, Toronto time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Sydney time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 3Apr Saturday, 3 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March or Wednesday, 22 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Saturday, 3 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 2 Apr, 06:15 to Sat 3 Apr, 08:22, Sydney time. Both traditions keep Saturday, 3 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī and Dvādaśī both run long: everyone keeps the second day (Nārada, Mādhava) Nirnaya-sindhu pp. 59-60. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): Daśamī within the 96 minutes before sunrise (aruṇodaya): the next day (Garuḍa) Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Dubai time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 1 Apr, 23:15 to Sat 3 Apr, 01:22, Dubai time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Papamocani in every year shown
Singapore time- 15Mar Sunday, 15 March 2026 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Kept
- 2Apr Friday, 2 April 2027 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Next
- 21Mar Tuesday, 21 March 2028 Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), Krishna Later
How Friday, 2 April is chosen
Phalguna (amanta) / Chaitra (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Fri 2 Apr, 03:15 to Sat 3 Apr, 05:22, Singapore time. Both traditions keep Friday, 2 April.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Questions
Rules from the Nirṇaya-sindhu, with the page for each.
When is Papmochani Ekadashi in 2027?
In Delhi, on Friday, 2 April 2027. The Ekadashi tithi runs from Fri 2 Apr, 00:45 to Sat 3 Apr, 02:52, IST.
What is Papmochani Ekadashi also called?
The Ekādaśī-māhātmya (Banaras, 1934) names it Pāpamocanī. Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 54
Which month is Papmochani Ekadashi in?
It is a Krishna Ekadashi. Where the month ends at the full moon (purnimanta) it falls in Chaitra; where the month ends at the new moon (amanta), in Phalguna. The name belongs to the fortnight, so both describe the same day.
When do I break the Papmochani Ekadashi fast?
In Delhi, Sat 3 Apr, 13:39 – 16:09: hari-vāsara outlasts the morning’s three muhūrtas, so the afternoon, never midday; before Dvādaśī ends, Sun 4 Apr 04:27. Dharmasindhu p. 19
Why are there two dates for some Ekadashis?
The texts test the Ekadashi day for Dashami, the tithi before it. Smārtas test at sunrise; Vaiṣṇavas test the 96 minutes before sunrise, called aruṇodaya. When Ekadashi or Dvadashi runs long, or Ekadashi touches no sunrise, each tradition keeps its own day. Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 53–63
How the days are found
Read the methodology- Sunrise
- At the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction, for the chosen city. Every date is that city’s own.
- The Dashami tests
- Smārta: Dashami at sunrise. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): Dashami at any moment in the 96 minutes before sunrise.
- Running long
- A tithi runs long when it is still current at the sunrise after its own day: Ekādaśī at the second day's sunrise, Dvādaśī at the third's, counting from the first Ekādaśī day (our reading of Nirnaya-sindhu pp. 59-62).
- Pāraṇa
- The first three muhūrtas after sunrise, once Hari-vāsara (Dvādaśī’s first quarter) is over and before Dvādaśī ends; else the afternoon, never midday; on Trayodaśī if no Dvādaśī is left. Dharmasindhu p. 19; Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 70–71.
- Sources
- Kamalākara Bhaṭṭa, Nirṇaya-sindhu, 1898 printing, pp. 49–63 and 70–71; Dharmasindhu, 1888, p. 19. Names from the Ekādaśī-māhātmya, Banaras, 1934.
Sunrise at the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction · Lahiri ayanamsa for month names · each city’s own time · Swiss Ephemeris · Method