Ekadashi in December 2028
The Ekadashis of December 2028: when each tithi begins and ends, and the fast day for each tradition, worked out for your city’s sunrise.
Fast days in Delhi
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 07:06 – 09:09
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 07:13 – 09:17
Fast days in Mumbai
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 07:03 – 09:15
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 07:11 – 09:22
Fast days in Kolkata
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 06:08 – 08:17
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 06:16 – 08:25
Fast days in Chennai
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 06:23 – 08:39
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 06:30 – 08:46
Fast days in Bengaluru
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 06:33 – 08:49
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 06:41 – 08:57
Fast days in Hyderabad
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 06:38 – 08:51
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 06:45 – 08:58
Fast days in Ahmedabad
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 07:12 – 09:21
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 07:20 – 09:28
Fast days in Pune
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 06:58 – 09:10
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 07:06 – 09:18
Fast days in Jaipur
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 07:08 – 09:13
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 07:15 – 09:20
Fast days in Lucknow
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 06:47 – 08:52
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 06:55 – 09:00
Fast days in London
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 08:00 – 09:34
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 08:07 – 09:41
Fast days in New York City
- Saphalā Monday, 11 December or Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Tue 12 Dec, 12:45 – 14:36 (Smārta), Wed 13 Dec, 07:13 – 09:04 (Vaiṣṇava)
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 07:20 – 09:11
Fast days in Toronto
- Saphalā Monday, 11 December or Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Tue 12 Dec, 13:05 – 14:52 (Smārta), Wed 13 Dec, 07:44 – 09:31 (Vaiṣṇava)
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 07:52 – 09:39
Fast days in Sydney
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 05:39 – 08:31
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 14:22 – 17:15
Fast days in Dubai
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 06:56 – 09:02
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 07:03 – 09:10
Fast days in Singapore
- Saphalā Tuesday, 12 December Pāraṇa Wed 13 Dec, 06:58 – 09:22
- Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi) Wednesday, 27 December Pāraṇa Thu 28 Dec, 07:11 – 09:29
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 17:33 to Tue 12 Dec, 15:13, Delhi time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 20:56 to Wed 27 Dec, 22:27, Delhi time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 17:33 to Tue 12 Dec, 15:13, Mumbai time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 20:56 to Wed 27 Dec, 22:27, Mumbai time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 17:33 to Tue 12 Dec, 15:13, Kolkata time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 20:56 to Wed 27 Dec, 22:27, Kolkata time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 17:33 to Tue 12 Dec, 15:13, Chennai time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 20:56 to Wed 27 Dec, 22:27, Chennai time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 17:33 to Tue 12 Dec, 15:13, Bengaluru time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 20:56 to Wed 27 Dec, 22:27, Bengaluru time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 17:33 to Tue 12 Dec, 15:13, Hyderabad time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 20:56 to Wed 27 Dec, 22:27, Hyderabad time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 17:33 to Tue 12 Dec, 15:13, Ahmedabad time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 20:56 to Wed 27 Dec, 22:27, Ahmedabad time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 17:33 to Tue 12 Dec, 15:13, Pune time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 20:56 to Wed 27 Dec, 22:27, Pune time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 17:33 to Tue 12 Dec, 15:13, Jaipur time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 20:56 to Wed 27 Dec, 22:27, Jaipur time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 17:33 to Tue 12 Dec, 15:13, Lucknow time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 20:56 to Wed 27 Dec, 22:27, Lucknow time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 12:03 to Tue 12 Dec, 09:43, London time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 15:26 to Wed 27 Dec, 16:57, London time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Monday, 11 December or Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 07:03 to Tue 12 Dec, 04:43, New York City time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 10:26 to Wed 27 Dec, 11:57, New York City time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Monday, 11 December or Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 07:03 to Tue 12 Dec, 04:43, Toronto time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 10:26 to Wed 27 Dec, 11:57, Toronto time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 23:03 to Tue 12 Dec, 20:43, Sydney time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Wed 27 Dec, 02:26 to Thu 28 Dec, 03:57, Sydney time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 16:03 to Tue 12 Dec, 13:43, Dubai time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 19:26 to Wed 27 Dec, 20:57, Dubai time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Saphalā, Tuesday, 12 December
Margashirsha (amanta) / Pausha (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Mon 11 Dec, 20:03 to Tue 12 Dec, 17:43, Singapore time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 12 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 18b
Putradā (popularly Vaikuntha Ekadashi), Wednesday, 27 December
Pausha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 26 Dec, 23:26 to Thu 28 Dec, 00:57, Singapore time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 27 December.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 24b
Questions
Rules from the Nirṇaya-sindhu, with the page for each.
When is Ekadashi in December 2028?
In Delhi: Saphalā on Tuesday, 12 December; Putradā on Wednesday, 27 December.
What is Ekadashi?
Ekadashi is the eleventh tithi of each half of the lunar month, one in the bright half (Shukla) and one in the dark half (Krishna), so there are usually two a month. A tithi is the time the Moon takes to gain 12° on the Sun. Surya Siddhanta 2.64, 2.66
When do I break the Ekadashi fast (pāraṇa)?
On the next day, while Dvādaśī lasts, since letting Dvādaśī pass unbroken is a grave fault: in the first three muhūrtas after sunrise, but not in Hari-vāsara, the first quarter of Dvādaśī. When Hari-vāsara outlasts those three muhūrtas, in the afternoon, never at midday. If no Dvādaśī is left at sunrise, on Trayodaśī. In a difficulty, water counts as breaking the fast. Dharmasindhu p. 19; Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 70–71
Why are there two dates for some Ekadashis?
The texts test the Ekadashi day for Dashami, the tithi before it. Smārtas test at sunrise; Vaiṣṇavas test the 96 minutes before sunrise, called aruṇodaya. When Ekadashi or Dvadashi runs long, or Ekadashi touches no sunrise, each tradition keeps its own day. Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 53–63
Why is the date different in my city?
Each date is worked out for the city’s own sunrise. A tithi begins and ends at the same moment everywhere, but the sunrise it is tested against differs, so a city far to the east or west can keep another day.
Why does my temple calendar show another date?
Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava calendars follow the Hari-bhakti-vilāsa, which is not among our sources, so their dates can differ from the Nirṇaya-sindhu days shown here.
How the days are found
Read the methodology- Sunrise
- At the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction, for the chosen city. Every date is that city’s own.
- The Dashami tests
- Smārta: Dashami at sunrise. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): Dashami at any moment in the 96 minutes before sunrise.
- Running long
- A tithi runs long when it is still current at the sunrise after its own day: Ekādaśī at the second day's sunrise, Dvādaśī at the third's, counting from the first Ekādaśī day (our reading of Nirnaya-sindhu pp. 59-62).
- Pāraṇa
- The first three muhūrtas after sunrise, once Hari-vāsara (Dvādaśī’s first quarter) is over and before Dvādaśī ends; else the afternoon, never midday; on Trayodaśī if no Dvādaśī is left. Dharmasindhu p. 19; Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 70–71.
- Sources
- Kamalākara Bhaṭṭa, Nirṇaya-sindhu, 1898 printing, pp. 49–63 and 70–71; Dharmasindhu, 1888, p. 19. Names from the Ekādaśī-māhātmya, Banaras, 1934.
Sunrise at the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction · Lahiri ayanamsa for month names · each city’s own time · Swiss Ephemeris · Method