Ekadashi in July 2027
The Ekadashis of July 2027: when each tithi begins and ends, and the fast day for each tradition, worked out for your city’s sunrise.
Fast days in Delhi
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 05:34 – 08:19
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 13:48 – 16:30 (Smārta), Sat 31 Jul, 05:42 – 08:24 (Vaiṣṇava)
Fast days in Mumbai
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 06:10 – 08:47
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 14:02 – 16:38 (Smārta), Sat 31 Jul, 06:15 – 08:51 (Vaiṣṇava)
Fast days in Kolkata
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 05:01 – 07:42
- Kāmikā Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Sat 31 Jul, 05:08 – 07:46
Fast days in Chennai
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 05:51 – 08:24
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 13:31 – 16:03 (Smārta), Sat 31 Jul, 05:54 – 08:27 (Vaiṣṇava)
Fast days in Bengaluru
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 06:01 – 08:35
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 13:42 – 16:14 (Smārta), Sat 31 Jul, 06:05 – 08:37 (Vaiṣṇava)
Fast days in Hyderabad
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 05:50 – 08:27
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 13:39 – 16:14 (Smārta), Sat 31 Jul, 05:56 – 08:30 (Vaiṣṇava)
Fast days in Ahmedabad
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 06:03 – 08:44
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 14:05 – 16:43 (Smārta), Sat 31 Jul, 06:10 – 08:48 (Vaiṣṇava)
Fast days in Pune
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 06:07 – 08:44
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 13:58 – 16:34 (Smārta), Sat 31 Jul, 06:12 – 08:48 (Vaiṣṇava)
Fast days in Jaipur
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 05:43 – 08:27
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 13:53 – 16:34 (Smārta), Sat 31 Jul, 05:51 – 08:32 (Vaiṣṇava)
Fast days in Lucknow
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 05:23 – 08:06
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 13:33 – 16:13 (Smārta), Sat 31 Jul, 05:31 – 08:11 (Vaiṣṇava)
Fast days in London
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 05:02 – 08:15
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 05:59 – 08:28
Fast days in New York City
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Tuesday, 13 July Pāraṇa Wed 14 Jul, 14:30 – 17:27
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 05:51 – 08:44
Fast days in Toronto
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Tuesday, 13 July Pāraṇa Wed 14 Jul, 14:53 – 17:55
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 06:05 – 09:00
Fast days in Sydney
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 06:59 – 09:00
- Kāmikā Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Sat 31 Jul, 06:50 – 08:54
Fast days in Dubai
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 05:39 – 08:21
- Kāmikā Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Fri 30 Jul, 13:44 – 16:24 (Smārta), Sat 31 Jul, 05:46 – 08:25 (Vaiṣṇava)
Fast days in Singapore
- Padmā (Devaśayanī) Wednesday, 14 July Pāraṇa Thu 15 Jul, 07:05 – 09:31
- Kāmikā Friday, 30 July Pāraṇa Sat 31 Jul, 07:06 – 09:32
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 12:09 to Wed 14 Jul, 13:10, Delhi time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 07:34 to Fri 30 Jul, 05:13, Delhi time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 12:09 to Wed 14 Jul, 13:10, Mumbai time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 07:34 to Fri 30 Jul, 05:13, Mumbai time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 12:09 to Wed 14 Jul, 13:10, Kolkata time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 07:34 to Fri 30 Jul, 05:13, Kolkata time. Both traditions keep Friday, 30 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 12:09 to Wed 14 Jul, 13:10, Chennai time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 07:34 to Fri 30 Jul, 05:13, Chennai time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 12:09 to Wed 14 Jul, 13:10, Bengaluru time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 07:34 to Fri 30 Jul, 05:13, Bengaluru time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 12:09 to Wed 14 Jul, 13:10, Hyderabad time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 07:34 to Fri 30 Jul, 05:13, Hyderabad time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 12:09 to Wed 14 Jul, 13:10, Ahmedabad time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 07:34 to Fri 30 Jul, 05:13, Ahmedabad time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 12:09 to Wed 14 Jul, 13:10, Pune time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 07:34 to Fri 30 Jul, 05:13, Pune time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 12:09 to Wed 14 Jul, 13:10, Jaipur time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 07:34 to Fri 30 Jul, 05:13, Jaipur time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 12:09 to Wed 14 Jul, 13:10, Lucknow time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 07:34 to Fri 30 Jul, 05:13, Lucknow time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 07:39 to Wed 14 Jul, 08:40, London time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 03:04 to Fri 30 Jul, 00:43, London time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 29 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Tuesday, 13 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 02:39 to Wed 14 Jul, 03:40, New York City time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 13 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 28 Jul, 22:04 to Thu 29 Jul, 19:43, New York City time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 29 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Tuesday, 13 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 02:39 to Wed 14 Jul, 03:40, Toronto time. Both traditions keep Tuesday, 13 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Wed 28 Jul, 22:04 to Thu 29 Jul, 19:43, Toronto time. Both traditions keep Thursday, 29 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 16:39 to Wed 14 Jul, 17:40, Sydney time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 12:04 to Fri 30 Jul, 09:43, Sydney time. Both traditions keep Friday, 30 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 10:39 to Wed 14 Jul, 11:40, Dubai time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Thursday, 29 July or Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 06:04 to Fri 30 Jul, 03:43, Dubai time. Smārtas and Vaiṣṇavas keep different days.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Padmā (Devaśayanī), Wednesday, 14 July
Ashadha, ShuklaEkadashi from Tue 13 Jul, 14:39 to Wed 14 Jul, 15:40, Singapore time. Both traditions keep Wednesday, 14 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 84b, 109; Devaśayanī: Nirnaya-sindhu, 1898, p. 51 (Hindi commentary)
Kāmikā, Friday, 30 July
Ashadha (amanta) / Shravana (purnimanta), KrishnaEkadashi from Thu 29 Jul, 10:04 to Fri 30 Jul, 07:43, Singapore time. Both traditions keep Friday, 30 July.
Smārta: Ekādaśī at sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 58. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): No Daśamī in the 96 minutes before sunrise: that day Nirnaya-sindhu p. 53.
Name: Ekādaśī-māhātmya (1934), f. 109b
Questions
Rules from the Nirṇaya-sindhu, with the page for each.
When is Ekadashi in July 2027?
In Delhi: Padmā on Wednesday, 14 July; Kāmikā on Thursday, 29 July for Smārtas or Friday, 30 July for Vaiṣṇavas.
What is Ekadashi?
Ekadashi is the eleventh tithi of each half of the lunar month, one in the bright half (Shukla) and one in the dark half (Krishna), so there are usually two a month. A tithi is the time the Moon takes to gain 12° on the Sun. Surya Siddhanta 2.64, 2.66
When do I break the Ekadashi fast (pāraṇa)?
On the next day, while Dvādaśī lasts, since letting Dvādaśī pass unbroken is a grave fault: in the first three muhūrtas after sunrise, but not in Hari-vāsara, the first quarter of Dvādaśī. When Hari-vāsara outlasts those three muhūrtas, in the afternoon, never at midday. If no Dvādaśī is left at sunrise, on Trayodaśī. In a difficulty, water counts as breaking the fast. Dharmasindhu p. 19; Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 70–71
Why are there two dates for some Ekadashis?
The texts test the Ekadashi day for Dashami, the tithi before it. Smārtas test at sunrise; Vaiṣṇavas test the 96 minutes before sunrise, called aruṇodaya. When Ekadashi or Dvadashi runs long, or Ekadashi touches no sunrise, each tradition keeps its own day. Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 53–63
Why is the date different in my city?
Each date is worked out for the city’s own sunrise. A tithi begins and ends at the same moment everywhere, but the sunrise it is tested against differs, so a city far to the east or west can keep another day.
Why does my temple calendar show another date?
Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava calendars follow the Hari-bhakti-vilāsa, which is not among our sources, so their dates can differ from the Nirṇaya-sindhu days shown here.
How the days are found
Read the methodology- Sunrise
- At the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction, for the chosen city. Every date is that city’s own.
- The Dashami tests
- Smārta: Dashami at sunrise. Vaiṣṇava (Nirṇaya-sindhu): Dashami at any moment in the 96 minutes before sunrise.
- Running long
- A tithi runs long when it is still current at the sunrise after its own day: Ekādaśī at the second day's sunrise, Dvādaśī at the third's, counting from the first Ekādaśī day (our reading of Nirnaya-sindhu pp. 59-62).
- Pāraṇa
- The first three muhūrtas after sunrise, once Hari-vāsara (Dvādaśī’s first quarter) is over and before Dvādaśī ends; else the afternoon, never midday; on Trayodaśī if no Dvādaśī is left. Dharmasindhu p. 19; Nirṇaya-sindhu pp. 70–71.
- Sources
- Kamalākara Bhaṭṭa, Nirṇaya-sindhu, 1898 printing, pp. 49–63 and 70–71; Dharmasindhu, 1888, p. 19. Names from the Ekādaśī-māhātmya, Banaras, 1934.
Sunrise at the centre of the Sun’s disc, with refraction · Lahiri ayanamsa for month names · each city’s own time · Swiss Ephemeris · Method